Umatshini wokutywina iifilimu ozenzekelayo osebenza ngeendlela ezininzi uthandwa kakhulu ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi okulungisa ukutya ngenxa yokukwazi kwawo ukutywina, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokutywina. Ukwasetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni iingxowa zokupakisha ezithambileyo. Xa kukho iingxaki ngamandla okutywina emiphethweni, embindini, okanye ezantsi ngexesha lokwenza iingxowa zeplastiki, lo matshini ungasetyenziselwa ukuphinda utywine ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zomgangatho wokutywina ubushushu.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ingakumbi phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza okanye ezixineneyo, umatshini unokuba neengxaki ezithile zombane nezoomatshini. Ezi ziquka: ukuvalwa kakubi komatshini, ukusebenza okwethutyana, ukuvuthuza kwefusi ekuqaleni, izandi "zokuncwina" ngexesha lokusebenza, ubushushu obungalawulekiyo, ukuguqulwa kunye nokugoba kweengxowa ezigqityiweyo kwindawo yokuvala, kunye nokubonakala kwamaqamza okanye amabala angaqhelekanga kwindawo yokuvala. Ngokusekelwe kumava okusetyenziswa, eli nqaku lihlalutya izizathu zeempazamo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, licebise izisombululo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye lixoxe ngokugcinwa komatshini wokuvala, linethemba lokuba luncedo kumashishini nakubantu abasebenzisa umatshini.
1. Ukutywinwa okungalunganga
Ukuvalwa kakubi yenye yeempazamo eziqhelekileyo zomatshini wokuvala. Kukho iintsingiselo ezintathu zokuvalwa okubi:
- Ingxowa yokupakisha ayinakuvalwa kwindawo yokuvala.
- Nangona umlomo wengxowa uvalwe phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-blade yokutywina, uya kuqhekeka kwakhona ngokucinezela okanye ukuxobula kancinci.
- Xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lokuxobuka kwindawo yokuvala, isiqingatha sengxowa siyavalwa ngokuqinileyo ngelixa esinye isiqingatha sahlulwe. Umgangatho wokuvala wengxowa yokupakisha enjalo awukacaciswa kuba umxholo unokuvuza lula ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa xa ucinezelwe. Le meko idla ngokuvela xa izinto ezidityanisiweyo zelineni ziyi-OPP okanye zivuthululwe yi-PE.
Izizathu zohlobo lokuqala lwempazamo zezi zilandelayo:
- Ubushushu obunganelanga bokuvala ubushushu. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kwiingxowa ezidityanisiweyo ezine-OPP njengezinto zokuvala ubushushu kunye nobukhulu obupheleleyo be-80-90μm, ubushushu bokuvala ubushushu kufuneka bufikelele kwi-170-180℃. Kwiingxowa ezidityanisiweyo ezine-PE njengezinto zokuvala ubushushu kunye nobukhulu obupheleleyo be-85-100μm, ubushushu kufuneka bulawulwe kwi-180-200℃. Lo gama nje ubukhulu obupheleleyo bengxowa busanda, ubushushu bokuvala ubushushu kufuneka bunyuswe ngokufanayo.
- Isantya sokuvala ubushushu esikhawulezayo kakhulu. Ukungakwazi ukuvala ingxowa kukwanxulumene nesantya somatshini wokuvala. Ukuba isantya sikhawuleza kakhulu, indawo yokuvala ayizukuba nexesha elaneleyo lokufudumeza ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwi-cooling press yi-traction roller ukuze iphole, kwaye ngokwemvelo, ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wokuvala ubushushu.
- Uxinzelelo olungafanelekanga lwevili lerabha le-cooling press. Kukho ivili lerabha le-cooling press elinye kumacala aphezulu nasezantsi, kwaye uxinzelelo phakathi kwawo kufuneka lube phakathi. Xa ulungisa uxinzelelo, qinisa nje ispring.
- Iingxaki zomgangatho ngefilimu yokutywina ubushushu. Ukungakwazi ukuvala ingxowa kukwanxulumene nomgangatho wefilimu yokutywina ubushushu. Ukuba unyango lwe-corona lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo alulingani kwaye alusebenzi, kwaye lukwindawo yokutywina, ngokuqinisekileyo aluyi kukwazi ukuvala ingxowa. Le meko ayiqhelekanga, kodwa xa isenzeka, imveliso iya kulahlwa. Ke ngoko, kushishino lokupakisha imibala, inkqubo esezantsi ilawula inkqubo ephezulu. Nje ukuba kufunyenwe iingxaki zomgangatho, izizathu kufuneka zihlalutywe kwaye zisonjululwe ngexesha. Ukuba kukho umswakama okanye ukungcola kwindawo yokutywina, kuya kubangela nokuvalwa okungekho sesikweni. Ngamafutshane, ukusombulula uhlobo lokuqala lwengxaki yokutywina okungekho sesikweni, ubushushu bokuvala ubushushu ngokubanzi bunokwandiswa ngokufanelekileyo, isantya sokutywina ubushushu sinokuncitshiswa, kwaye uxinzelelo lwevili lerabha yokucindezela ukupholisa lunokwandiswa ngaxeshanye.
Izizathu zohlobo lwesibini lwempazamo yokutywina embi zezi zilandelayo:
- Ubushushu obunganeleyo bokuvala ubushushu. Ingxaki ingasonjululwa ngokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokuvala ubushushu.
- Umphezulu weblade yokuvalela ubushushu awuthe tyaba. Iblade yokuvalela ubushushu yahlulwe yaba ziingceba eziphezulu nezisezantsi, kwaye i-thermocouple idla ngokufakelwa kuyo ukuze iqonde ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Kukho izikrufu ezintathu kwiblade yokuvalela ubushushu, isikrufu esiphakathi sixhasa kwaye siqinise iblade, kwaye ezinye izikrufu ezibini zixhotyiswe ngeesprings zoxinzelelo kunye neewashers, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa uxinzelelo lweblade yokuvalela ubushushu. Iiblade eziphezulu nezisezantsi nganye ineesprings ezimbini. Isizathu esiphambili somphezulu ongalinganiyo weblade yokuvalela ubushushu kukuba isikrufu esiphakathi asifakwanga ngokuthe tye okanye uxinzelelo lwesprings yoxinzelelo yeblade yokuvalela ubushushu ephezulu alulingani.
- Isisombululo kukulungisa kwakhona indawo yesikrufu esiphakathi ukuze siyenze ityebile. Ukuba iiblayidi eziphezulu nezisezantsi zokuvala ubushushu azilingani, oku kungenziwa ngokulungelelanisa intwasahlobo yoxinzelelo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Xa intwasahlobo ityhalelwa ngaphandle, iblayidi yokuvala ubushushu iya kuwa phantsi. Xa intwasahlobo yeblayidi esezantsi iqiniswe phezulu, iblayidi yokuvala ubushushu iya kunyukela phezulu.
- Uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lwevili lerabha elicinezela ukupholisa. Uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lwevili lerabha elicinezela ukupholisa nalo luya kubangela olu hlobo lwempazamo yokutywina engalunganga, kwaye isisombululo sifana nemeko yokuqala.
Izizathu zohlobo lwesithathu lwempazamo yokutywina embi zezi zilandelayo:
- Uxinzelelo olungalinganiyo lweblade yokuvalela ubushushu okanye iblade yokuphola. Ukulungiswa kweblade yokuvalela ubushushu kunye neblade yokuphola kuyafana ncakasana.
- Umphezulu weblade yokutywina ubushushu awuthe tyaba. Jonga isisombululo esifanelekileyo sohlobo lwesibini lwempazamo yokutywina embi.
2. Ukuvuthela iFuse
Injini ephambili yomatshini wokutywina ifilimu yeplastiki yimoto yokuqala ye-AC yasekhaya enebhokisi yegiya ye-aluminium ecocekileyo, eqhuba kakhulu i-gearbox kunye nokudluliselwa kwegiya kwenxalenye nganye. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umatshini wokutywina uqaliswa, uya kwenza isandi "esitshoyo", awukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ne-fuse kwi-live wire iya kuvuthuza.
Ukuze ulungise le ngxaki, qala ujonge ukuba umbane uqhelekile na, uze unqumle umbane, sebenzisa uluhlu lokumelana ukulinganisa ukuba iswitshi yonakele na, kwaye ujonge ngononophelo ukuba isekethe kunye nemoto zifutshane na. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa imotor imfutshane, ukujija kuyatsha okanye ucingo luphukile, ifusi iya kuvuthuza kwangoko nje ukuba umatshini wokuvala uqalisiwe. Esinye isizathu sale mpazamo kukuba iinkcukacha zefusi zincinci kakhulu. Ukwandisa iinkcukacha zayo kunokusombulula ingxaki.
3. Isandi “Esikhwazayo” Ngexesha Lokusebenza
Le mpazamo yenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza komatshini wokuvala. Isandi "sokukrwitsha" sidla ngokuvela ngequbuliso, silandelwe yisantya sokuvala esingalinganiyo, nto leyo ebangela iipatheni ezimbi kwimbonakalo yokuvala yengxowa yokupakisha, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho wemveliso. Ngamanye amaxesha inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa ayiqikelelwa.
Le nto ibangelwa kakhulu kukonakala koomatshini okanye ukuguguleka okukhulu, kunye nokuthambisa okungekho semgangathweni. Isisombululo kukuxuba uhlobo olufanayo lweoyile yenjini kunye negrisi yokuthambisa uze uyifake kwibhokisi yegiya, uze uqinise izikrufu ukuze uyibuyisele. Emva kokuqalisa umatshini, isandi "sokukrwitsha" siyanyamalala kwaye ukutywinwa kubuyele esiqhelweni.
Ukongeza, ukuba ikhonkco lebhanti yobushushu obuphezulu likhululekile, ligugile kakhulu, kwaye alicocekanga linomphezulu, kwaye alihambelani nevili lokutsala ngexesha lokusebenza, liya kwenza isandi "esivakalayo". Isisombululo kukutshintsha ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu ngengcaciso efanayo. Kukho ubuchule obuthile bokutshintsha ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu. Okokuqala, cinezela intwasahlobo yevili loxinzelelo ngesandla, uze ubeke elinye icala lebhanti yobushushu obuphezulu kwivili lerabha, kwaye ubambe elinye icala nxamnye nelinye ivili lerabha ngesandla. Seta isilawuli sesantya kwisantya esiphantsi. Nje ukuba siqaliswe, sixhomekeke kwi-inertia yokunyakaza, ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu iya kufakelwa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha isandi "esitshoyo" sikhutshwa yimoto ye-DC shunt. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukunqongophala kweoyile kwiibheringi zeemoto. Ukuba kunjalo, imoto kufuneka isuswe ize ithanjiswe ngeoyile, kwaye isandi siya kunyamalala.
4. Ukulahleka koLawulo loBushushu bokutywina
Le mpazamo ibonakaliswa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwegeyiji yobushushu, ukungakwazi ukulawula ubushushu, ubushushu obungazinzanga bokuvala ubushushu, kwaye indawo yokuvala itshisiwe okanye ivalwe kakubi, kunye nokuvalwa okungalunganga nokungathandekiyo. Isizathu esiphambili sale mpazamo kukuba i-thermometer yonakele kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe. Ukongeza, i-thermocouple nayo inokwaphuka kwaye ayinakudlulisela ubushushu obuvakalayo kwi-thermometer. Ukuyitshintsha ngohlobo olufanayo kunye nenkcazo ye-thermocouple kunokusombulula ingxaki.
Ukusuka kwicala loomatshini, isizathu kukuba uxinzelelo lokuvala ubushushu alulingani. Logama nje intwasahlobo yoxinzelelo yeblade yokuvala ubushushu ilungisiwe ukuze uxinzelelo luhambelane, ingxaki ingasonjululwa. Kwangaxeshanye, umphezulu woqhagamshelwano lweblade yokuvala ubushushu kufuneka ugcinwe ucocekile kwaye ungenamdaka.
Esinye isizathu kukuba umgangatho wokuvala ubushushu wezinto ezidityanisiweyo ngokwazo awulungile, kwaye i-coefficient yokuvala ubushushu iyatshintsha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu obunokumelana nabo bungaguquguquki.
5. Ukusebenza rhoqo komatshini wokutywina
Sifumene ingxaki yokusebenza okwethutyana kunye nesantya esingaguqukiyo somatshini wokuvala ngexesha lokwenziwa. Emva kokuqhaqha iphaneli engasemva komatshini wokuvala, kwafunyaniswa ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-motor shaft kunye ne-gearbox luye lwakhululeka kwaye lwahlukana. Ukuqinisa izikrufu kwakhona ukuze zilingane ngokugqibeleleyo kusombulule ingxaki. Ukongeza, i-motor ephambili isebenza ngokudibana neebhrashi zekhabhoni. Ukuba iibhrashi zekhabhoni zigugile kakhulu, musa ukunxibelelana ngokupheleleyo neeringi zokutyibilika, okanye zinoburharha obuphantsi, umatshini wokuvala nawo uya kusebenza ngamaxesha athile. Ukutshintsha iibhrashi zekhabhoni ngohlobo olufanayo lwezintsha kuya kusombulula ingxaki.
6. Amaqamza kunye neempawu ezingavumelekanga kwindawo yokutywina
Le mpazamo nayo ixhaphakile. Nangona ingabangela ukuvuza kwephakheji, ichaphazela ubuhle bephakheji kwaye yonakalisa umfanekiso wemveliso.
Izizathu eziphambili zale mpazamo zezi zilandelayo:
- Emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezi zixhobo, uthuli kunye neeplastiki ezicociweyo kunye nolunye uthuli zinamathela kwibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibhanti ingalingani kwaye ingalingani. Oku kubangela ubushushu obungalinganiyo kwindawo yokuvala. Emva kokucinezelwa ngevili lokupholisa, kuvela amaqamza. Ukucoca okanye ukutshintsha ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu kunokususa isiphene. Ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu ngokubanzi ibanzi nge-1.5 cm kwaye iphantse ibe yi-22 μm ubukhulu. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokwenene ukucoca uthuli, kufuneka lukhuhlwe.
- Kukho amabala angqukuva nangqukuva acwangciswe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwivili lerabha le-cooling press, abonakala ngokuthe ngqo kwiphakheji, nto leyo ebangela amabala amaninzi acacileyo kwindawo yokutywina. Ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kobuhle bengxowa yokupakisha, kungcono ukutshintsha ivili lerabha le-cooling press.
7. Imicimbi Ekufuneka Ijongwe Xa Kulungiswa Izixhobo
- Umatshini wokuvala kufuneka ubekwe kwindawo enomoya opholileyo neyomileyo, ubushushu begumbi bugcinwe bumalunga nama-25℃.
- Emva kweeyure ezingama-48 zokusebenza komatshini wokutywina, kufuneka kongezwe ioyile yenjini ye-6# kwindawo nganye eshukumayo, ikakhulu kwiigiya, iibheringi, kunye nebhokisi yegiya.
- Kufuneka kususwe uthuli rhoqo ukuze kugcinwe umatshini wonke ucocekile. Xa ungasetyenziswa, kungcono ukukhupha umbane uze uwugqume ngesigqubuthelo.
- Ukuba ixesha lokusebenza lide kakhulu, ifeni yokupholisa kufuneka ivulwe ngaphambi kokuba ucime umatshini. Linda de ubushushu behle ngaphambi kokuba ucime umatshini. Kuba ukuba ucima umatshini ngaphandle kokupholisa, ibhanti yobushushu obuphezulu kulula kakhulu ukuba yonakale.
- Ibhanti elinobushushu obuphezulu kufuneka licocwe rhoqo kukungcola ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokutywinwa.
- Iindawo ezigugileyo kakhulu kufuneka zitshintshwe ngexesha ukuze kwandiswe ubomi bomatshini wonke.
Ixesha leposi: Februwari-26-2025